Handshake (HNS) is a decentralised naming protocol using blockchain to decentralise the root zone file for top-level domain (TLD) ownership. This removes the need for central authorities like ICANN, creating an uncensorable, permissionless environment. Handshake aims to replace the traditional Certificate Authority (CA) system with cryptographic validation managed by network peers. It allows users to register and manage TLDs, host websites, or act as registrars without centralised authorities. Ownership is maintained through biennial "heartbeat transactions," eliminating yearly rental fees. The protocol enhances internet security and privacy using a distributed root of trust. Handshake Coin (HNS), the native currency, facilitates the transfer, registration, and update of internet names, aiming to counter spam and prevent uncontrolled mass registration. Handshake was co-founded by Joseph Poon and Andrew Lee.